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"extract": "The Arab\u2013Byzantine wars or Muslim\u2013Byzantine wars were a series of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between the successive Islamic caliphates and the Byzantine Empire. Following the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of the Yarmuk, Muslim armies conquered most Byzantine territory in the Levant, Egypt and North Africa within decades. Arab expansion subsequently slowed to a more gradual rate, following two failed sieges of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. By the mid-9th century, the Byzantines had partially recovered and proceeded to recapture some of their lost territory in Anatolia in the following decades.",
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"extract": "The Arab\u2013Byzantine wars or Muslim\u2013Byzantine wars were a series of wars from the 7th to 11th centuries between the successive Islamic caliphates and the Byzantine Empire. Following the Byzantine defeat at the Battle of the Yarmuk, Muslim armies conquered most Byzantine territory in the Levant, Egypt and North Africa within decades. Arab expansion subsequently slowed to a more gradual rate, following two failed sieges of the Byzantine capital of Constantinople in the late 7th and early 8th centuries. By the mid-9th century, the Byzantines had partially recovered and proceeded to recapture some of their lost territory in Anatolia in the following decades.",
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"extract": "The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived the events that caused the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century\u00a0AD, it endured until the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire in 1453. The term \u0027Byzantine Empire\u0027 was coined only after its demise; its citizens used the term \u0027Roman Empire\u0027 and called themselves \u0027Romans\u0027.",
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"description": "Metropolitan municipality in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey",
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"extract": "Malatya is a city in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey and the capital of Malatya Province.",
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"description": "863 Byzantine victory over the Abbasids in Paphlagonia",
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"extract": "The Battle of Lalakaon, or Battle of Poson or Porson, was fought in 863 between the Byzantine Empire and an invading Arab army in Paphlagonia. The Byzantine army was led by Petronas, the uncle of Emperor Michael III, although Arab sources also mention the presence of the Emperor in person. The Arabs were led by the emir of Melitene (Malatya), Umar al-Aqta.",
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"description": "Period of Byzantine history from 867 to 1057",
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"extract": "The Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty underwent a revival during the late 9th, 10th, and early 11th centuries. Under the Macedonian emperors, the empire gained control over the Adriatic Sea, Southern Italy, and all of the territory of the Tsar Samuil of Bulgaria. The Macedonian dynasty was characterised by a cultural revival in spheres such as philosophy and the arts and has been dubbed the \"Golden Age\" of Byzantium.",
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"text": "Arab\u2013Byzantine wars: The Byzantine Empire decisively defeated the Emirate of Melitene at the Battle of Lalakaon, beginning the era of Byzantine ascendancy.",
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"text": "Arab\u2013Byzantine wars: The Byzantine Empire decisively defeated the Emirate of Melitene at the Battle of Lalakaon, beginning the era of Byzantine ascendancy.",
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