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"extract": "Iridium 33 was a communications satellite launched by Russia for Iridium Communications. It was launched into low Earth orbit from Site 81/23 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 01:36 UTC on 14 September 1997, by a Proton-K rocket with a Block DM2 upper stage. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS). It was operated in Plane 3 of the Iridium satellite constellation, with an ascending node of 230.9\u00b0.",
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"description": "Communications satellite operated by Iridium Communications",
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"extract": "Iridium 33 was a communications satellite launched by Russia for Iridium Communications. It was launched into low Earth orbit from Site 81/23 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 01:36 UTC on 14 September 1997, by a Proton-K rocket with a Block DM2 upper stage. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS). It was operated in Plane 3 of the Iridium satellite constellation, with an ascending node of 230.9\u00b0.",
"extract_html": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIridium 33\u003c/b\u003e was a communications satellite launched by Russia for Iridium Communications. It was launched into low Earth orbit from Site 81/23 at the Baikonur Cosmodrome at 01:36 UTC on 14 September 1997, by a Proton-K rocket with a Block DM2 upper stage. The launch was arranged by International Launch Services (ILS). It was operated in Plane 3 of the Iridium satellite constellation, with an ascending node of 230.9\u00b0.\u003c/p\u003e",
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"description": "Defunct Russian military communications satellite, operational from 1993 to 1995",
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"displaytitle": "\u003cspan lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mw-page-title-main\"\u003eKosmos 2251\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e",
"extract": "Kosmos-2251 was a Russian Strela-2M military communications satellite. It was launched into Low Earth orbit from Site 132/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome at 04:17 UTC on 16 June 1993, by a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket. The Strela satellites had a lifespan of 5 years, and the Russian government reported that Kosmos-2251 ceased functioning in 1995. Russia was later criticised by The Space Review for leaving a defunct satellite in a congested orbit, rather than deorbiting it. In response, Russia noted that they were not required to do so under international law. In any case, the KAUR-1 satellites had no propulsion system, which is usually required for deorbiting.",
"extract_html": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKosmos-2251\u003c/b\u003e was a Russian Strela-2M military communications satellite. It was launched into Low Earth orbit from Site 132/1 at the Plesetsk Cosmodrome at 04:17 UTC on 16 June 1993, by a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket. The Strela satellites had a lifespan of 5 years, and the Russian government reported that Kosmos-2251 ceased functioning in 1995. Russia was later criticised by \u003ci\u003eThe Space Review\u003c/i\u003e for leaving a defunct satellite in a congested orbit, rather than deorbiting it. In response, Russia noted that they were not required to do so under international law. In any case, the KAUR-1 satellites had no propulsion system, which is usually required for deorbiting.\u003c/p\u003e",
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"normalizedtitle": "Kosmos 2251",
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"tid": "4521ba9a-3f4f-11f1-8a62-0c8b8bf124ce",
"timestamp": "2026-04-23T20:01:52Z",
"title": "Kosmos_2251",
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"description": "First hypervelocity spacecraft collision",
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"displaytitle": "\u003cspan lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mw-page-title-main\"\u003e2009 satellite collision\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e",
"extract": "On February 10, 2009, two communications satellites\u2014the active commercial Iridium 33 and the derelict Russian military Kosmos 2251\u2014accidentally collided at a speed of 11.7\u00a0km/s (26,000\u00a0mph) and an altitude of 789 kilometres (490\u00a0mi) above the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. It was the first time a hypervelocity collision had occurred between two satellites; previous incidents had involved a satellite and a piece of space debris.",
"extract_html": "\u003cp\u003eOn February 10, 2009, two communications satellites\u2014the active commercial Iridium 33 and the derelict Russian military Kosmos 2251\u2014accidentally collided at a speed of 11.7\u00a0km/s (26,000\u00a0mph) and an altitude of 789 kilometres (490\u00a0mi) above the Taymyr Peninsula in Siberia. It was the first time a hypervelocity collision had occurred between two satellites; previous incidents had involved a satellite and a piece of space debris.\u003c/p\u003e",
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"tid": "d2e8760f-3cc1-11f1-97e2-00a14a366df6",
"timestamp": "2026-04-20T14:04:19Z",
"title": "2009_satellite_collision",
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"wikibase_item": "Q843912"
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"description": "Very high velocity",
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"displaytitle": "\u003cspan lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mw-page-title-main\"\u003eHypervelocity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e",
"extract": "Hypervelocity is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second. In particular, hypervelocity is velocity so high that the strength of materials upon impact is very small compared to inertial stresses. Thus, metals and fluids behave alike under hypervelocity impact. An impact under extreme hypervelocity results in vaporization of the impactor and target. For structural metals, hypervelocity is generally considered to be over 2,500\u00a0m/s. Meteorite craters are also examples of hypervelocity impacts.",
"extract_html": "\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHypervelocity\u003c/b\u003e is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second. In particular, hypervelocity is velocity so high that the strength of materials upon impact is very small compared to inertial stresses. Thus, metals and fluids behave alike under hypervelocity impact. An impact under extreme hypervelocity results in vaporization of the impactor and target. For structural metals, hypervelocity is generally considered to be over 2,500\u00a0m/s. Meteorite craters are also examples of hypervelocity impacts.\u003c/p\u003e",
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"timestamp": "2026-06-12T16:17:24Z",
"title": "Hypervelocity",
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"wikibase_item": "Q3144223"
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"description": "Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km",
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"displaytitle": "\u003cspan lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mw-page-title-main\"\u003eLow Earth orbit\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e",
"extract": "A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less and an eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around 800\u00a0km (500\u00a0mi), while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO), have an altitude of 2,000 kilometers, about one-third of the radius of Earth and near the beginning of the inner Van Allen radiation belt.",
"extract_html": "\u003cp\u003eA \u003cb\u003elow Earth orbit\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cb\u003eLEO\u003c/b\u003e) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less and an eccentricity less than 0.25. Most of the artificial objects in outer space are in LEO, peaking in number at an altitude around 800\u00a0km (500\u00a0mi), while the farthest in LEO, before medium Earth orbit (MEO), have an altitude of 2,000 kilometers, about one-third of the radius of Earth and near the beginning of the inner Van Allen radiation belt.\u003c/p\u003e",
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"title": "Low_Earth_orbit",
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"text": "The satellites Iridium\u00a033 and Kosmos\u00a02251 destroyed each other in the first accidental hypervelocity collision between two intact satellites in low Earth orbit.",
"year": 2009
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"text": "The satellites Iridium\u00a033 and Kosmos\u00a02251 destroyed each other in the first accidental hypervelocity collision between two intact satellites in low Earth orbit.",
"thumbnail": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Iridium_satellite.jpg/330px-Iridium_satellite.jpg",
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