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"extract": "Operation Retribution or Operation Punishment was the April 1941 German bombing of Belgrade, the capital of Yugoslavia, in retaliation for the coup d\u0027\u00e9tat that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact. The bombing occurred in the first days of the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia during World War II. The Royal Yugoslav Army Air Force (VVKJ) had only 77 modern fighter aircraft available to defend Belgrade against the hundreds of German fighters and bombers that struck in the first wave early on 6 April. Three days prior, VVKJ Major Vladimir Kren had defected to the Germans, disclosing the locations of multiple military assets and divulging the VVKJ\u0027s codes.",
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"extract": "A coup d\u0027\u00e9tat took place on 27 March 1941 in Belgrade, Kingdom of Yugoslavia, when the regency led by Prince Paul of Yugoslavia was overthrown and King Peter II assumed full monarchical powers. The coup was planned and conducted by a group of pro-Western Serbian nationalist Royal Yugoslav Air Force officers formally led by the Air Force commander, General Du\u0161an Simovi\u0107, who had been associated with several putsch plots from 1938 onwards. Brigadier General of Military Aviation Borivoje Mirkovi\u0107, Major \u017divan Kne\u017eevi\u0107 of the Yugoslav Royal Guards, and his brother Radoje Kne\u017eevi\u0107 were the main organisers of the overthrow of the government. In addition to Radoje Kne\u017eevi\u0107, some other civilian leaders were probably aware of the plot before it was launched and moved to support it once it occurred, but they were not among the organisers. Peter II himself was surprised by the coup, and heard of the declaration of his coming-of-age for the first time on the radio.",
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"extract": "The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 by, respectively, Joachim von Ribbentrop, Galeazzo Ciano, and Sabur\u014d Kurusu and in the presence of Adolf Hitler. It was a defensive military alliance that was eventually joined by Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia\u0027s accession provoked a coup d\u0027\u00e9tat in Belgrade two days later. Germany, Italy, and Hungary responded by invading Yugoslavia. The resulting Italo-German client state, known as the Independent State of Croatia, joined the pact on 15 June 1941.",
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"text": "World War\u00a0II: The Luftwaffe began Operation Retribution, bombing the Yugoslav capital of Belgrade in retaliation for a coup d\u0027\u00e9tat that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact.",
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"text": "World War\u00a0II: The Luftwaffe began Operation Retribution, bombing the Yugoslav capital of Belgrade in retaliation for a coup d\u0027\u00e9tat that overthrew the government that had signed the Tripartite Pact.",
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