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"extract": "Aeneas Lionel Acton Mackintosh was a British Merchant Navy officer and Antarctic explorer who commanded the Ross Sea party as part of Sir Ernest Shackleton\u0027s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914\u20131917. The Ross Sea party\u0027s mission was to support Shackleton\u0027s proposed transcontinental march by laying supply depots along the latter stages of the march\u0027s intended route. In the face of persistent setbacks and practical difficulties, Mackintosh\u0027s party fulfilled its task, although he and two others died in the course of their duties.",
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"extract": "Aeneas Lionel Acton Mackintosh was a British Merchant Navy officer and Antarctic explorer who commanded the Ross Sea party as part of Sir Ernest Shackleton\u0027s Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, 1914\u20131917. The Ross Sea party\u0027s mission was to support Shackleton\u0027s proposed transcontinental march by laying supply depots along the latter stages of the march\u0027s intended route. In the face of persistent setbacks and practical difficulties, Mackintosh\u0027s party fulfilled its task, although he and two others died in the course of their duties.",
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"extract": "The Nimrod Expedition of 1907\u20131909, otherwise known as the British Antarctic Expedition, was the first of three expeditions to the Antarctic led by Ernest Shackleton and his second time to the continent. Its main target, among a range of geographical and scientific objectives, was to be first to reach the South Pole. This was not attained, but the expedition\u0027s southern march reached a Farthest South latitude of 88\u00b0\u00a023\u0027\u00a0S, just 97.5 nautical miles from the pole. This was by far the longest southern polar journey to that date and a record convergence on either Pole. A separate group led by Welsh Australian geology professor Edgeworth David reached the estimated location of the South magnetic pole, and the expedition also achieved the first ascent of Mount Erebus, Antarctica\u0027s second highest volcano.",
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"description": "Sea ice that is not attached to land",
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"extract": "Drift ice, also called brash ice, is sea ice that is not attached to the shoreline or any other fixed object. Unlike fast ice, which is \"fastened\" to a fixed object, drift ice is carried along by winds and sea currents, hence its name. When drift ice is driven together into a large single mass, it is called pack ice. Wind and currents can pile up that ice to form ridges up to dozens of metres in thickness. These represent a challenge for icebreakers and offshore structures operating in cold oceans and seas.",
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"text": "British explorer Aeneas Mackintosh, a member of the Nimrod Expedition, escaped death by fleeing across ice floes.",
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"text": "British explorer Aeneas Mackintosh, a member of the Nimrod Expedition, escaped death by fleeing across ice floes.",
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